The perception that the Sun goes around the Earth is a result of the geocentric model, an ancient astronomical model that positioned Earth at the center of the universe. This model was widely accepted for centuries until it was eventually replaced by the heliocentric model, which correctly places the Sun at the center of our solar system.
The apparent motion of the Sun across the sky from east to west is due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. The Earth completes one full rotation on its axis in approximately 24 hours, causing the Sun to appear to rise in the east, reach its highest point in the sky at noon, and set in the west. This daily rotation of the Earth gives the illusion that the Sun is moving around the Earth.
In reality, the Sun, along with the entire solar system, is in motion. The Sun and the planets, including Earth, are all in orbit around the center of mass of the solar system, which is very close to the Sun. The combined gravitational forces of the Sun and other celestial bodies influence the paths and movements of the planets.
The misconception that the Sun revolves around the Earth arose due to limited observational capabilities and the subjective experience of the Earth's rotation. It took scientific advancements, careful observation, and the work of astronomers like Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei to establish the heliocentric model, providing a more accurate understanding of the motion of celestial bodies.
Today, we know that the Sun remains relatively stationary at the center of our solar system, while the Earth and other planets revolve around it in their respective orbits.