If aliens were 10 billion light years away from Earth, they would not be able to see Earth as it is at the present moment. The reason for this is that the speed of light is finite, and it takes time for light to travel across vast distances.
When we observe objects in space, we are essentially seeing them as they were in the past because the light emitted or reflected by those objects takes time to reach us. For example, if an object is 1 light year away, the light we see from it is 1 year old.
Given that the universe is estimated to be around 13.8 billion years old, if aliens were 10 billion light years away, the light from Earth that they would receive and observe would be at least 10 billion years old. Consequently, they would be observing Earth as it was 10 billion years ago, not as it is currently.
Additionally, it is important to consider the expansion of the universe. Over such vast distances, the universe is expanding, causing galaxies to move away from each other at increasing speeds. This expansion further complicates the ability to observe Earth from such extreme distances, as the light from Earth would be subject to the expansion of space, potentially redshifting it to the point of being undetectable.
In summary, due to the finite speed of light and the vast distances involved, aliens located 10 billion light years away would not be able to observe Earth as it is in the present day. They would only be able to observe Earth as it was billions of years ago, and even then, the expansion of the universe could make it challenging to detect.