The reason it takes significantly longer for light to travel from Proxima Centauri compared to the Sun is because of the vast differences in their distances from Earth.
Proxima Centauri is the closest known star to our solar system, located approximately 4.24 light-years away. This means that the light we see from Proxima Centauri today actually started its journey 4.24 years ago. Since light travels at a speed of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum, it takes about 4.24 years for that light to reach us.
On the other hand, the Sun is much closer to Earth, at an average distance of about 93 million miles (or 150 million kilometers). Since light travels at a finite speed, it takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds for light from the Sun to reach us on Earth. This relatively short time is due to the Sun's proximity compared to other celestial objects.
So, the time it takes for light to travel from a celestial object to Earth depends on both the speed of light and the distance between the object and Earth.