In the fictional universe of Star Trek, faster-than-light (FTL) travel is made possible through the use of a propulsion system called the warp drive. The warp drive creates a subspace bubble, commonly referred to as a warp field or warp bubble, around the starship. Within this bubble, the ship itself remains stationary while the space around it is contracted in front and expanded behind it. This allows the ship to effectively "ride" the distortion of space, enabling faster-than-light travel.
The specific mechanics of the warp drive are not extensively detailed in the Star Trek series, but the concept is based on the theoretical framework of general relativity. By manipulating space-time, the warp drive bypasses the normal limitations imposed by the speed of light.
Regarding the issue of acceleration and deceleration, Star Trek generally assumes that the effects of acceleration are mitigated within the warp bubble. The crew experiences minimal or no inertial forces due to the manipulation of space-time. The warp bubble isolates the ship from the effects of acceleration, providing a relatively smooth and comfortable journey for those aboard.
While Star Trek does not delve into the intricate technical details of the warp drive, it presents the technology as a fundamental aspect of its fictional universe, allowing for convenient interstellar travel without the limitations imposed by the speed of light or the dangers associated with extreme acceleration.