Pilots reduce speed before landing and increase speed before takeoff for different reasons related to the aerodynamics and safety of the aircraft during these phases of flight.
Landing: When preparing for landing, pilots reduce the speed of the aircraft for several reasons:
- Safety: Slower speeds allow for better control and maneuverability during landing. It provides the pilot with more time to react and make precise adjustments during the approach and touchdown.
- Aerodynamics: Lowering the speed reduces the aircraft's lift, allowing it to descend and touch down smoothly. It also reduces the risk of floating or bouncing on the runway.
- Noise and comfort: Landing at a slower speed can reduce noise levels and make the landing smoother for passengers.
Takeoff: Pilots increase the speed during takeoff to achieve the necessary lift and acceleration for a safe and successful departure. The key reasons for increasing speed are:
- Lift generation: Higher speeds generate more lift, allowing the aircraft to become airborne. This is crucial to overcome gravity and achieve a positive rate of climb.
- Engine performance: The engines need to reach a certain speed (rotation speed or Vr) to generate enough thrust for a safe takeoff. Increasing the speed ensures that the aircraft reaches this speed before the end of the runway.
- Safety margins: Higher speeds provide a greater safety margin during takeoff, allowing for better control and maneuverability in case of emergencies, such as an engine failure.
It's important to note that specific speeds and procedures vary depending on the aircraft type, manufacturer guidelines, and operating regulations. Pilots receive extensive training and follow standardized procedures to ensure safe and efficient operations during both landing and takeoff.