While both the F4U Corsair and the F6F Hellcat used the same Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp engine, there were several factors that contributed to the Corsair's higher top speed compared to the Hellcat. These factors include aerodynamics, design considerations, and weight.
Aerodynamics: The Corsair had a more streamlined and aerodynamically efficient design compared to the Hellcat. It featured a sleeker fuselage and a distinctive inverted gull-wing configuration, which reduced drag and improved overall performance. The Hellcat, although an excellent aircraft, had a more conventional design with a straight wing, which created more drag at high speeds.
Wing Design: The Corsair's unique inverted gull-wing design allowed for a larger propeller and reduced the risk of the propeller tips hitting the ground during takeoff and landing. The larger propeller provided greater thrust and improved performance, resulting in higher speeds. The Hellcat, with its straight wing, had a smaller propeller diameter and didn't benefit from the same propulsive advantage.
Weight: The Corsair was lighter than the Hellcat, which contributed to its increased speed. The Corsair's design incorporated lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy, while the Hellcat had a more robust structure to withstand heavy combat situations. The lighter weight of the Corsair allowed for better acceleration and higher speeds.
Power-to-Weight Ratio: Although both aircraft used the same R-2800 Double Wasp engine, the Corsair had a higher power-to-weight ratio. This means that for a given amount of engine power, the Corsair was able to generate more thrust due to its lighter weight. The higher power-to-weight ratio enabled the Corsair to achieve faster speeds.
It's worth mentioning that while the Corsair was faster than the Hellcat, the Hellcat had other advantages such as superior climb rate and a higher service ceiling. Additionally, the Corsair's speed advantage was more pronounced in certain configurations and altitudes, as aerodynamic performance can vary based on factors like altitude, air density, and loadout.
Overall, the Corsair's faster top speed can be attributed to its streamlined design, unique wing configuration, lighter weight, and a higher power-to-weight ratio. These factors combined to make the Corsair one of the fastest propeller-driven aircraft of its time.