When the International Space Station (ISS) travels at a speed of approximately 28,000 kilometers per hour (17,500 miles per hour), which is the correct speed, astronauts are able to work in space without any major hindrances. Here's why:
Microgravity: The primary reason astronauts can work in space is due to the microgravity environment. When the ISS orbits the Earth, it is in a constant state of freefall, causing a condition known as microgravity. In this state, the force of gravity is significantly reduced, resulting in an apparent weightlessness for the astronauts. As a result, they can move and work freely in all directions.
Internal Environment: Inside the ISS, the living quarters and workspaces are designed to accommodate the microgravity environment. Astronauts have foot restraints, handholds, and Velcro straps strategically placed throughout the modules, allowing them to stabilize themselves and stay in place while performing tasks.
Tethering Tools: Astronauts often use tethers and tools to help them work efficiently in space. They can secure themselves to different surfaces using tethers, which prevent them from floating away. Tools are also specially designed to be attached to the astronauts' suits or to their workstations to ensure they can manipulate objects effectively.
Training and Adaptation: Astronauts undergo extensive training before their missions, including simulated microgravity exercises, neutral buoyancy training in large water tanks to simulate weightlessness, and practicing specific tasks in a microgravity environment. This training helps them adapt to the unique working conditions in space and perform tasks safely.
Task-Specific Tools: Astronauts have access to a variety of specialized tools designed specifically for space missions. These tools often have features such as adjustable grips, retractable tethers, and self-contained mechanisms to accommodate the microgravity environment.
Despite the high speed of the ISS, the relative motion between the astronauts and their immediate surroundings is minimal due to their shared velocity. Therefore, they can work effectively and conduct various experiments, maintenance tasks, and scientific research while onboard the ISS.