Jupiter, despite being a gas giant, is indeed much more massive than Earth. This might seem counterintuitive, as Earth is a rocky planet with a solid surface, while Jupiter is composed mostly of gases. However, the difference in mass between the two is primarily due to their different compositions and formation processes.
Jupiter is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium gases, similar to the composition of the early solar nebula from which the planets formed. It is estimated that Jupiter's core, although not well understood, consists of heavier elements such as rock, metals, and possibly even water. Surrounding this core is an immense atmosphere made up of hydrogen and helium.
The mass of a planet is determined by the total amount of matter it contains. While Earth is denser due to its rocky composition, Jupiter's immense size and volume make up for its lower density. It has a significantly larger volume and therefore contains a much greater amount of matter, resulting in a higher mass.
Jupiter's enormous mass is attributed to its formation process. It is believed that gas giants like Jupiter formed early in the history of the solar system when a large amount of gas and dust in the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young Sun began to collapse under gravity. As the gas collapsed, it created a massive disk that eventually formed Jupiter. The vast gravitational pull of Jupiter allowed it to accumulate a substantial amount of surrounding gases, becoming the massive planet we see today.
In summary, while Jupiter may not have a solid surface like Earth, its immense size, volume, and composition, including a dense core, contribute to its significantly greater mass compared to our planet.