The average and maximum depths and speeds at which submarines travel underwater can vary depending on the type of submarine, its purpose, and the specific operational requirements. Here are some general guidelines:
Average Depths: Submarines typically operate at various depths depending on the mission and environmental conditions. For general-purpose submarines, typical operational depths range from a few tens of meters to a few hundred meters (approximately 100 to 1,000 feet). However, some submarines are designed for greater depths and can reach several thousand meters (or even deeper) for specialized missions such as deep-sea exploration or research.
Maximum Depths: The maximum depth capability of a submarine is determined by its design, hull strength, and pressure resistance. Modern military submarines can often dive to depths exceeding 200 meters (650 feet) and some specialized submarines can go much deeper, reaching depths of over 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) or more.
Speeds: Submarines are capable of traveling at various speeds underwater, which can vary depending on the submarine's design and propulsion system. Generally, submarines cruise at relatively slower speeds to maximize their operational range and minimize noise. Typical cruising speeds for military submarines range from 10 to 20 knots (18 to 37 kilometers per hour or 11 to 23 miles per hour). However, submarines can achieve higher speeds for short bursts when necessary. Some advanced submarines are capable of reaching speeds exceeding 30 knots (56 kilometers per hour or 35 miles per hour).
It's important to note that specific details regarding the depths and speeds at which submarines operate are often classified for military submarines. The capabilities of non-military submarines, such as research or exploration submarines, may vary greatly depending on their purpose and design.