The maximum speed at which a large passenger plane can fly without breaking apart depends on several factors, including the specific aircraft model, its design limits, and the prevailing flight conditions. While I can provide some general information, it is important to note that specific aircraft limitations and operating procedures are determined by manufacturers and regulatory authorities.
Commercial jet airliners, such as the Boeing 747 or the Airbus A380, typically have a maximum operating speed indicated as Mach numbers (M). Mach number represents the ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound. Exceeding the speed of sound, known as supersonic flight, is generally avoided by large commercial passenger planes due to various reasons, including fuel efficiency and noise concerns.
Subsonic passenger aircraft typically have a maximum operating speed of around Mach 0.85 to Mach 0.92. This corresponds to roughly 575 to 620 knots (approximately 660 to 715 miles per hour or 1060 to 1150 kilometers per hour) at cruising altitudes. It's important to note that these values are approximate and can vary between aircraft models.
However, it's worth mentioning that aircraft are designed to withstand higher speeds during certain flight conditions, such as during a dive or turbulence encounters. They undergo rigorous testing and certification processes to ensure their structural integrity and safety.
Ultimately, the precise maximum speed of a large passenger plane without breaking apart will depend on the specific aircraft's design, structural limitations, and operational considerations set by the manufacturer and regulatory authorities.