The cancellation of flights due to wind speeds depends on several factors, including the type of aircraft, its size, weight, and the direction and intensity of the wind. Different aircraft have different limitations and operating guidelines when it comes to wind conditions. However, there are some general thresholds that are commonly considered:
Crosswind Limit: Crosswinds, which blow perpendicular to the runway, can significantly affect an aircraft's ability to land or take off safely. The maximum crosswind component allowed for commercial jet aircraft is typically around 20 to 30 knots (23 to 34 miles per hour). Beyond this limit, pilots may find it challenging to maintain control of the aircraft during landing or takeoff, risking safety.
Tailwind Limit: Tailwinds, which blow in the same direction as the aircraft's movement, can increase the groundspeed during landing or reduce the groundspeed during takeoff. While some aircraft have specific limitations, in general, tailwinds above 10 knots (11.5 miles per hour) can affect the landing and takeoff performance of an aircraft, potentially exceeding safe operating limits.
Headwind Limit: Headwinds, which blow opposite to the aircraft's movement, can be beneficial as they increase the aircraft's airspeed during takeoff and landing, reducing the required groundspeed. There is no specific upper limit for headwinds; in fact, strong headwinds are often advantageous for aircraft operations, allowing for shorter takeoff and landing distances.
It's important to note that these wind speed limits can vary for different aircraft models, and specific airlines or aviation authorities may have their own guidelines. Pilots also consider other factors such as gusts, wind shear, and the aircraft's weight and configuration when making decisions related to wind conditions.
Regarding the highest wind speed in which a plane can land, it is challenging to provide a definitive value because it depends on numerous factors. The maximum safe landing wind speed will vary based on the aircraft type, its weight, the runway length, and other environmental conditions. In extreme cases, airports may need to close or suspend operations if wind speeds exceed safe limits for any type of aircraft.
Ultimately, the decision to operate or cancel flights in challenging wind conditions lies with the pilot and is based on their training, experience, and compliance with established safety guidelines.