The concept you're referring to involves the comparison between a supernova explosion and the gravitational pull of a black hole. While both phenomena involve immense energy, they have different mechanisms and outcomes:
Supernova: A supernova occurs when a massive star undergoes a catastrophic collapse and explosion at the end of its life. The explosion releases an enormous amount of energy, causing the outer layers of the star to be expelled into space. The energy released is indeed powerful enough to overcome the gravitational pull of the star and propel material outward.
Black Hole: A black hole, on the other hand, is formed from the collapse of a massive star, but its core collapses to a point of infinite density known as a singularity. The gravitational pull of a black hole is incredibly strong due to its immense mass being concentrated within a very small volume. This gravitational pull is so powerful that it forms an event horizon, which is a boundary beyond which nothing, including light, can escape.
The key difference lies in the density and mass distribution. In a supernova, the mass of the star is distributed over a larger volume, allowing for the release of energy that can overcome the star's gravitational pull and expel material. In a black hole, the mass is concentrated within a tiny region, leading to a gravitational pull so strong that even light cannot escape.
It's important to note that the formation and behavior of black holes are governed by the laws of general relativity, a branch of physics that describes the interaction of mass, energy, and spacetime. The concept of an event horizon, which defines the boundary of a black hole, is a fundamental aspect of black hole physics.
In summary, while a supernova explosion can overcome the gravitational pull of a massive star, the extreme gravitational force of a black hole prevents anything, including light, from escaping its vicinity.