There are several ways to determine the speed of an object without using a laser beam or other methods involving light. Here are a few common methods:
Radar: Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio waves to measure the speed of an object. It works by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes for them to bounce back after hitting the object. By analyzing the Doppler shift in the frequency of the returning waves, the speed of the object can be determined.
Sonar: Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is similar to radar but uses sound waves instead of radio waves. It is commonly used underwater to measure the speed of ships, submarines, or marine animals. By emitting sound waves and measuring the time it takes for them to bounce back, the speed of the object can be calculated.
Speedometer: A speedometer is a device commonly found in vehicles that measures and displays the speed of the vehicle. It typically works based on the rotation of the wheels or other moving parts of the vehicle. By measuring the rotations over time, the speed can be calculated.
Doppler Effect: The Doppler effect can be utilized to determine the speed of an object emitting sound waves. It is based on the change in frequency of the waves observed by a stationary observer due to the relative motion between the observer and the source of the sound waves. By analyzing this frequency shift, the speed of the object can be inferred.
GPS (Global Positioning System): GPS is widely used to determine the speed of moving objects. By utilizing a network of satellites, GPS receivers can calculate the speed of an object by tracking its position over time. By analyzing the change in position, the speed can be derived.
These are just a few examples of methods for determining the speed of an object without relying on light-based techniques like lasers. Different methods are suitable for different scenarios and applications, depending on factors such as the nature of the object being measured, the environment, and the required accuracy.