Sound travels faster in solids compared to liquids due to differences in the medium's properties. The speed of sound depends on the density, compressibility, and elasticity of the medium through which it travels.
In solids, the particles are closely packed, leading to higher density compared to liquids. The denser medium allows sound waves to propagate faster because the particles are in close proximity to each other, enabling efficient transmission of the mechanical vibrations. Additionally, the intermolecular forces in solids are stronger, which makes the medium more rigid and less compressible. This rigidity and low compressibility contribute to faster sound propagation as the vibrations can quickly transmit through the solid lattice.
On the other hand, liquids have lower density compared to solids, with particles that are more loosely arranged. The intermolecular forces in liquids are weaker, making them more compressible. These factors result in a slower speed of sound in liquids since the particles are farther apart and the transmission of vibrations is not as efficient.
It's important to note that the specific properties of a solid or a liquid, such as its composition, temperature, and pressure, can also influence the speed of sound. However, in general, solids tend to exhibit higher sound speeds than liquids due to their greater density and rigidity.