The composition of the universe refers to the types of matter and energy that make up its fundamental components. Based on our current understanding of the universe, its composition can be broadly described as follows:
Normal Matter: Normal matter, also known as baryonic matter, is the type of matter we are most familiar with. It includes protons, neutrons, and electrons, which form atoms and molecules. Normal matter comprises a relatively small fraction of the universe, estimated to be around 4.9%.
Dark Matter: Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible and difficult to detect directly. Its presence is inferred through its gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark matter is estimated to make up about 26.8% of the universe. Its exact nature and composition remain unknown, and it is an active area of research in physics and astronomy.
Dark Energy: Dark energy is another mysterious component of the universe, thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. It is a form of energy that permeates space and exerts a repulsive gravitational effect. Dark energy is estimated to constitute about 68.3% of the universe's total energy density. Like dark matter, the exact nature of dark energy is not yet understood.
It's important to note that the current estimates for the composition of the universe are based on observational data and theoretical models, but our understanding continues to evolve as scientific knowledge advances.