The concept you're referring to is known as the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), which is the remnant radiation from the early stages of the universe, specifically from about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. The CMB permeates the entire universe and is present in all directions as a faint, uniform glow.
Although the CMB fills the universe, it is not the primary reason we are able to see distant objects in outer space. The CMB radiation is often compared to the "afterglow" of the Big Bang, but it does not hinder our ability to observe more distant objects.
The reason we can see distant objects in space is that light emitted by those objects has been traveling toward us for a significant amount of time. Light travels at a finite speed, so when we look at distant celestial objects, we are seeing them as they were in the past because their light takes time to reach us.
The CMB radiation, on the other hand, is a relic from a specific point in time and is mostly uniform in all directions. It does not significantly interfere with our ability to observe objects beyond it. In fact, observations of the CMB have provided valuable insights into the early universe and its composition.
To summarize, while the cosmic microwave background radiation is present throughout the universe, it does not obstruct our view of distant objects. We are able to see these objects because their emitted light has traveled across vast cosmic distances, allowing us to glimpse into the past and study the history of our universe.