The nature of mathematics and its relationship to the universe is a topic of ongoing philosophical and scientific debate. There are different viewpoints regarding whether mathematics is an inherent part of the fabric of the universe or a product of the human mind.
One perspective, known as mathematical realism, suggests that mathematical truths exist independently of human thought. According to this view, mathematical principles are discovered rather than invented, and they reflect an objective reality that transcends human existence. Proponents of mathematical realism argue that the consistency and universality of mathematical concepts across different cultures and time periods support this idea.
On the other hand, there is a philosophical position known as mathematical nominalism, which posits that mathematics is a human invention and a useful tool for describing and understanding the world but does not possess any inherent existence. Nominalists argue that mathematical concepts are created by humans to make sense of the patterns and regularities they observe in the world.
As for the possibility of other sentient species converging on the same mathematics, it is difficult to say with certainty. If mathematics is indeed an inherent part of the fabric of the universe, it is plausible to assume that other intelligent beings, regardless of their physical form or cognitive processes, would eventually discover the same mathematical principles. However, if mathematics is a product of the human mind, it is possible that other sentient species could develop alternative mathematical systems that differ from our own.
It is also conceivable that higher intelligences exist with cognitive capacities or tools beyond our current understanding. Such beings might have access to mathematical frameworks or problem-solving techniques that are currently beyond our comprehension. Speculating about the capabilities of hypothetical higher intelligences is challenging since it would require us to transcend our own cognitive limitations and conceptual frameworks.