No, not all elements on our planet were created during the Big Bang. The Big Bang theory explains the origin of the universe and the early formation of certain light elements like hydrogen and helium. However, elements heavier than helium, such as carbon, oxygen, iron, and many others, were not created during the initial stages of the Big Bang.
The formation of heavier elements occurred through a process called nucleosynthesis. After the Big Bang, the universe was primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Over time, through nuclear reactions, these elements fused together in the cores of stars, undergoing a process known as stellar nucleosynthesis. The intense heat and pressure within stars allowed for the formation of heavier elements, including those found on Earth.
Elements like carbon, oxygen, and iron were synthesized in the cores of massive stars through nuclear fusion reactions. When these stars reached the end of their life cycles, they underwent supernova explosions, dispersing their enriched material into space. This ejected material eventually formed new stars, planetary systems, and even planets like Earth, containing a mixture of elements synthesized by earlier generations of stars.
Therefore, the existence of the elements found on Earth, including the ones essential for life, can be traced back to processes that occurred after the Big Bang, particularly through stellar nucleosynthesis and supernova events.