The concept of the Big Bang describes the origin and early expansion of the universe. According to current scientific understanding, the Big Bang was not an explosion that occurred at a specific point in space but rather an event that happened everywhere in the universe simultaneously.
In the widely accepted cosmological model, known as the Lambda-CDM model, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense state around 13.8 billion years ago. As the universe expanded, it underwent a process called cosmic inflation, which resulted in a rapid expansion of space itself.
During cosmic inflation, the universe expanded faster than the speed of light, leading to a rapid stretching of space. This expansion is believed to have smoothed out the irregularities and created a homogeneous and isotropic universe on large scales.
However, it's important to note that the concept of the Big Bang and cosmic inflation refers to the expansion of space and the early evolution of the universe. It doesn't imply that all points in space were physically connected or that there were no gaps or voids in the universe.
On smaller scales, such as the formation of galaxies, stars, and other structures, gravitational forces played a significant role in the process. These structures formed from the gravitational collapse of denser regions in the early universe, leading to the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and other cosmic structures we observe today.
Regarding black holes, they are regions of spacetime with extremely strong gravitational forces, where matter has collapsed to a point of infinite density called a singularity. Black holes are indeed areas where our current understanding of physics breaks down, and our ability to describe what happens within a black hole is limited.
In summary, the concept of the Big Bang and the subsequent expansion of the universe doesn't imply that all points in space were physically connected or that there were no gaps or voids. The expansion of space occurred on a larger scale, while gravitational forces shaped the formation of structures on smaller scales within the evolving universe.