When looking up at the night sky without any special tools or equipment, the naked eye can observe a vast number of stars. On a clear and dark night, away from light pollution, you can typically see thousands of stars, including the brighter ones.
The naked eye is capable of observing objects within our Milky Way galaxy, which is a barred spiral galaxy containing hundreds of billions of stars. However, the exact distance you can see into space with the naked eye varies depending on several factors, such as atmospheric conditions, light pollution, and individual eyesight.
The farthest objects visible to the naked eye are other galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy (M31), for example, is the nearest spiral galaxy to our Milky Way and is visible as a faint, blurry patch in the night sky under ideal conditions. It is located about 2.537 million light-years away from us.
However, it's important to note that without specialized equipment, such as telescopes, binoculars, or cameras with long exposure times, you won't be able to see the intricate details or individual stars within distant galaxies. These tools enable astronomers to observe and study celestial objects in greater depth and clarity.