While black holes are incredibly massive and powerful objects, they do not account for the majority of the matter in the universe. The existence of matter in the universe is not contradicted by the presence of black holes. Here are a few reasons why matter still exists in the universe despite the presence of black holes:
Abundance of Non-Black Hole Matter: Black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of massive stars. While they can be very massive, the total amount of matter in the universe is much larger. There are trillions of galaxies, each containing billions to trillions of stars, and only a fraction of these stars will eventually become black holes. The majority of matter in the universe exists in the form of stars, interstellar gas, dust, and other cosmic structures.
Formation of Black Holes: Not all matter ends up collapsing into black holes. When a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it undergoes a supernova explosion, dispersing a significant portion of its material back into the surrounding space. Only a fraction of the star's mass may collapse to form a black hole, while the rest becomes part of the interstellar medium and can be involved in future star formation.
Matter Accretion: Black holes can grow in mass over time through accretion. As matter in their vicinity falls towards a black hole, it forms an accretion disk and releases energy in the form of radiation. However, the accretion process is not sufficient to consume all the matter in the universe. There is still a vast amount of matter that remains outside the reach of black holes and continues to participate in cosmic processes such as star formation and galaxy evolution.
Expansion of the Universe: The expansion of the universe plays a role in the distribution of matter. As the universe expands, the distance between galaxies and other cosmic structures increases. This expansion counteracts the gravitational pull of matter, making it more difficult for matter to collapse into black holes. Additionally, the expansion of the universe contributes to the dilution of matter, reducing the overall density and increasing the separation between objects.
In summary, while black holes are fascinating and powerful objects, they do not account for the majority of matter in the universe. The abundance of matter in various forms, the processes of stellar evolution, and the expansion of the universe all contribute to the coexistence of matter and black holes in the cosmos.