The phenomenon you are referring to is known as "quantum fluctuations" or "virtual particles." In quantum mechanics, particles can spontaneously emerge from the energy fluctuations of the vacuum, and they quickly annihilate each other, returning back to the vacuum. This process is described by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
However, it is important to note that the existence of quantum fluctuations does not invalidate the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory is a well-supported scientific model that describes the origin and evolution of the universe. It states that the universe began from a highly dense and hot state approximately 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.
Quantum fluctuations, on the other hand, occur within the framework of quantum field theory, which is a theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics with special relativity. These fluctuations happen on extremely tiny scales and are governed by the laws of quantum physics.
While quantum fluctuations demonstrate that particles can spontaneously appear and disappear, they do not contradict the Big Bang theory. In fact, quantum fluctuations are considered to be a consequence of the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics and the uncertainty principle.
The Big Bang theory provides an explanation for the early expansion and subsequent development of the universe, while quantum fluctuations operate within the framework of quantum physics at a much smaller scale. These concepts are not mutually exclusive but rather describe different aspects of the universe at different scales.