Yes, it is theoretically possible for time to pass at a different rate on another planet compared to Earth. The rate at which time flows can be influenced by factors such as gravity and velocity, as described by the theory of relativity.
According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity affects the curvature of spacetime. In regions of stronger gravitational fields, time appears to pass slower compared to regions with weaker gravitational fields. This phenomenon is known as time dilation.
If a planet has a significantly stronger gravitational field than Earth, time would pass slower there. This means that an observer on that planet would experience time at a slower rate compared to an observer on Earth. Conversely, if a planet has a weaker gravitational field, time would pass faster relative to Earth.
Additionally, velocity can also affect the flow of time. According to the theory of special relativity, as an object approaches the speed of light, time dilation occurs. Time would appear to slow down for objects moving at high speeds relative to an observer at rest.
So, in summary, if a planet has a stronger gravitational field or is moving at a significantly different velocity compared to Earth, it is possible for time to pass slower or faster on that planet relative to Earth. However, these effects would generally be quite small unless extreme conditions are involved.