The question of whether the total energy of the universe is zero is a topic of debate and uncertainty among physicists. Let me explain the different viewpoints:
Conservation of Energy: According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of an isolated system should remain constant. From this perspective, if we consider the universe as an isolated system, its total energy would be expected to be zero because positive and negative energies balance each other out.
Cosmological Constant: On the other hand, the concept of a non-zero vacuum energy density, often referred to as the cosmological constant, has been proposed. The cosmological constant is associated with the energy of empty space, and if it exists, it would contribute a non-zero value to the total energy of the universe.
Quantum Field Theory: In the framework of quantum field theory, the energy of a system is affected by fluctuations and virtual particles that continuously appear and annihilate. These quantum effects can lead to contributions to the energy density of the universe, potentially resulting in a non-zero value.
It's important to note that our understanding of the universe is still evolving, and cosmology and theoretical physics are active areas of research. At present, there is no definitive consensus on whether the total energy of the universe is zero or non-zero. The true nature of the universe's energy content and its overall balance remains an open question that scientists are working to better understand.