The distance between the Sun and other celestial bodies in our universe is primarily determined by the dynamics and processes that occur during the formation and evolution of star systems. While the Sun is relatively isolated in terms of its proximity to other stars, it is not completely alone in the cosmos.
The Sun is part of a vast galaxy called the Milky Way, which contains billions of other stars. It resides in the outer regions of the galaxy, roughly 27,000 light-years away from its center. The distribution of stars within galaxies is not uniform, and they tend to be more concentrated in certain regions, such as galactic arms or clusters.
The spacing between stars within a galaxy is primarily influenced by gravitational interactions between stars, interstellar gas and dust, and other factors like supernova explosions and the overall dynamics of the galaxy. These interactions can cause stars to migrate or be scattered across the galaxy over long periods of time.
The Sun's distance from other stars can be seen as a consequence of these processes. It is neither exceptionally close nor distant from other stars in the Milky Way. However, given the vastness of space, the average distance between neighboring stars is still quite large. In fact, the closest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.24 light-years away.
It's important to note that while the Sun is far from most other stars in its vicinity, there are still many stars relatively close to it in galactic terms. The universe is filled with a vast number of stars, galaxies, and other celestial objects, but the sheer scale of the cosmos makes interstellar distances appear vast from our human perspective.