Imagining particles as point-like entities and considering them as discreet amounts can be a useful approximation in certain scenarios, particularly when dealing with simple calculations or conceptual explanations. This approach is often employed in classical physics or introductory quantum mechanics to simplify the analysis of particle interactions.
However, in the framework of modern physics, particles are not considered as isolated, point-like objects. Instead, they are described as excitations or quanta of underlying quantum fields. According to quantum field theory, particles arise from the quantized vibrations of these fields, which permeate all of space.
Thinking of particles solely in terms of their discrete amounts can lead to a number of shortcomings:
Quantum Uncertainty: In the realm of quantum mechanics, particles do not have definite positions or momenta until measured. Instead, their properties are described by probability distributions. This inherent uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of quantum physics and is captured by wave functions and fields.
Particle Interactions: By considering particles as localized excitations of fields, we can understand their interactions more accurately. Fields, such as the electromagnetic field or the Higgs field, mediate the forces between particles. This perspective allows us to explain phenomena like the exchange of virtual particles during interactions, which are crucial for our understanding of fundamental forces.
Particle-Wave Duality: Particles in quantum mechanics possess both particle-like and wave-like characteristics. This duality is evident in phenomena such as interference and diffraction patterns. Describing particles as localized excitations of fields helps us reconcile their wave-particle nature.
Regarding your analogy, it's important to note that particles and fields are not analogous to drops in an ocean. Fields permeate all of space, whereas drops are localized within a larger medium. The behavior of particles in fields is much more complex and is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics and field theory.
In summary, while it can be convenient to envision particles as point-like entities in certain contexts, a more comprehensive understanding of particle physics requires considering them as localized excitations of quantum fields. This perspective accounts for the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, the interactions between particles, and the wave-particle duality inherent in quantum physics.