A theoretical value is based on mathematical or conceptual models, calculations, and assumptions, while an experimental value is obtained through actual measurements or observations in the real world. The reasons why theoretical and experimental values may not be equal can vary depending on the specific context, but here are a few common factors:
Simplifying assumptions: Theoretical models often rely on simplifications and assumptions to make calculations more manageable. These assumptions may not perfectly reflect the complexity and intricacies of the real world, leading to differences between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Measurement limitations: Experimental values are subject to measurement errors and limitations. Instruments used to measure physical quantities have inherent inaccuracies and uncertainties. Factors such as systematic errors, random errors, and limitations of measurement techniques can contribute to discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values.
External factors: Theoretical models usually consider an idealized scenario where certain external factors are neglected or assumed to be constant. In reality, these factors may have an impact on the experimental results. Examples include environmental conditions, external forces, or uncontrolled variables that can influence the observed values.
Unknown or unaccounted factors: It is not always possible to account for all relevant factors in a theoretical model. Some variables or parameters might be unknown or not well-understood, and their effects may not be accurately included in the theoretical calculations. These unknown factors can contribute to differences between the theoretical and experimental values.
Conceptual or theoretical limitations: Theoretical models are approximations of reality and are based on certain concepts, principles, and mathematical frameworks. These models might not capture all the intricacies of the real-world phenomena being studied, leading to disparities between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.
It is important to note that while theoretical and experimental values may differ, they are often used together to refine and improve our understanding of the natural world. Discrepancies between the two can help identify areas where theoretical models need refinement or where new experiments or measurements are necessary to gain a more accurate understanding of the phenomenon under study.