According to our current understanding of physics, all particles with mass or energy generate a gravitational field. Gravitational fields are not unique to individual particles, but rather they arise from the collective effect of all the particles in a system.
The gravitational force between two particles is determined by their masses and the distance between them, as described by Newton's law of gravitation. The strength of the gravitational force decreases with increasing distance, following an inverse square law.
Detecting the gravitational signature of individual particles can be challenging because the gravitational force is typically very weak compared to other fundamental forces, such as electromagnetic forces. The gravitational force between two particles is proportional to their masses, but the masses of elementary particles like electrons, quarks, or neutrinos are incredibly small. This makes it extremely difficult to directly measure their gravitational interactions.
Currently, the most sensitive measurements of gravitational effects are achieved with macroscopic objects, such as planets, stars, or massive astronomical bodies. For example, the gravitational influence of a planet on its moon can be observed through careful analysis of their orbits. Similarly, the gravitational interaction between celestial bodies in a binary system can be detected by studying their gravitational waves.
In recent years, there have been efforts to directly detect the gravitational effects of individual particles, particularly with respect to dark matter. Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light and has only been detected indirectly through its gravitational influence on visible matter. Several experiments, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and underground detectors like the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, are attempting to directly detect dark matter particles through their gravitational interactions with ordinary matter.
However, detecting the individual gravitational signatures of known elementary particles, such as electrons or quarks, remains a significant experimental challenge due to the extremely small masses involved.