According to the principles of quantum mechanics, when two particles become entangled, their properties become correlated. This means that measuring one particle can instantaneously affect the properties of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon is known as quantum entanglement.
In your scenario, if you take a particle and divide it into two entangled particles, and then send one of them to the other side of the universe, measuring the properties of the first particle would indeed have an immediate effect on the properties of the second particle, no matter how far apart they are.
This behavior, often referred to as "spooky action at a distance," was famously described by Albert Einstein as "spukhafte Fernwirkung." It has been experimentally confirmed through tests of Bell's theorem, which show that entangled particles exhibit correlations that cannot be explained by classical physics.
However, it's important to note that this does not allow for the transfer of information faster than the speed of light. Even though the correlation between the entangled particles is instantaneous, it is not possible to use this effect to transmit information or communicate faster than light. The measurement outcomes of the entangled particles appear random and unpredictable until the results are compared or communicated through conventional means.