The warping of spacetime near a black hole is caused by the intense gravitational field generated by the black hole's mass. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, massive objects like black holes curve the fabric of spacetime itself, and this curvature is what we perceive as gravity.
In the vicinity of a black hole, the gravitational field is extremely strong due to the concentrated mass within a small region. The black hole's mass curves spacetime to such an extent that it creates a deep gravitational well. As a result, objects in the vicinity of the black hole, such as other celestial bodies or even light, follow curved paths around it.
The warping of spacetime near a black hole is often visualized using the concept of a "gravity well." Imagine a rubber sheet representing spacetime. If you place a heavy object, like a bowling ball, on the sheet, it creates a depression or dip in the sheet's surface. Objects moving nearby, such as marbles or smaller balls, will tend to roll toward the larger object due to the curvature of the sheet.
Similarly, in the case of a black hole, the massive object causes a significant curvature of spacetime. Any object or light passing close to the black hole will be affected by this curvature and will follow a curved path around it. This warping of spacetime near a black hole is responsible for the peculiar phenomena associated with black holes, such as gravitational lensing and the event horizon, beyond which nothing can escape the black hole's gravitational pull.
It's worth noting that the warping of spacetime is a consequence of the mass of the black hole and the resulting gravitational field. It is a fundamental aspect of Einstein's general theory of relativity, which has been confirmed by numerous observational and experimental tests.