Yes, dark energy, dark matter, and antimatter are all considered to exist based on current scientific theories and observational evidence. Here's a brief explanation of each:
Dark Energy: Dark energy is a theoretical form of energy that is believed to permeate all of space and is responsible for the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. It was first proposed to explain the unexpected behavior of distant supernovae in the late 1990s. Dark energy is thought to make up about 68% of the total energy content of the universe, according to current estimates.
Dark Matter: Dark matter refers to an invisible and elusive form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light or any other form of electromagnetic radiation. Its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter and the structure of the universe. Observations of galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, and the distribution of matter in the universe strongly suggest that dark matter is present. It is estimated to make up about 27% of the total energy content of the universe.
Antimatter: Antimatter consists of particles that have the same mass as their corresponding particles in ordinary matter but have opposite electric charge and other quantum properties. When matter and antimatter come into contact, they annihilate each other, releasing energy. Antimatter has been created and detected in laboratory experiments, and its existence is supported by the fundamental equations of quantum field theory. However, in the observable universe, antimatter is relatively rare compared to ordinary matter.
It's important to note that while there is substantial evidence supporting the existence of dark energy, dark matter, and antimatter, these concepts are still areas of active research in astrophysics and particle physics. Scientists continue to investigate their properties and seek further experimental and observational evidence to deepen our understanding of these phenomena.