In the context of elementary particles, a particle without spin refers to a hypothetical particle called a scalar particle. Scalar particles have zero spin and are described by scalar fields, meaning they have no inherent angular momentum.
One example of a scalar particle is the Higgs boson, which was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012. The Higgs boson is associated with the Higgs field, which is a scalar field permeating the universe. The Higgs boson plays a crucial role in the mechanism that gives mass to other particles, but it itself has zero spin.
Now, regarding why we don't see scalar particles everywhere in our surroundings, there are a few reasons:
Stability and Lifetime: Scalar particles, if they exist, might have properties that make them unstable and short-lived. They could decay rapidly into other particles, making it challenging to directly detect them or observe their presence.
Interactions: Scalar particles may interact weakly with other particles or have very specific interactions that make them less likely to be produced or detected in everyday experiments or observations. They might require specialized experiments or high-energy collisions to be observed.
Energy Scales: Scalar particles could have energies or masses that are beyond the range of current experimental capabilities. Detecting and producing such particles may require more advanced technologies or higher-energy accelerators.
Dark Matter: It is worth mentioning that some theories propose scalar particles as candidates for dark matter, which is a form of matter that does not interact with electromagnetic radiation. If scalar particles were indeed dark matter particles, their interactions with ordinary matter would be extremely weak, explaining why we haven't directly detected them yet.
It is important to note that the existence of scalar particles is still a subject of ongoing research and investigation. While the discovery of the Higgs boson confirmed the existence of a scalar particle, other hypothetical scalar particles, if they exist, would require further experimental evidence and verification.