One-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional motion refer to the number of spatial dimensions in which an object or particle can move. Each dimension represents a unique direction of motion.
One-Dimensional Motion: In one-dimensional motion, an object or particle can only move along a straight line. It can move in either the positive or negative direction along this line. Examples of one-dimensional motion include an object moving back and forth on a straight track or a car traveling along a straight road without any lateral movement.
Two-Dimensional Motion: In two-dimensional motion, an object or particle can move in a plane, which means it can move along two perpendicular axes. These axes are typically labeled as the x-axis and the y-axis. The object can move along the x-axis (horizontal) and the y-axis (vertical), or it can have a combination of both. Examples of two-dimensional motion include a projectile moving through the air or an object being thrown in a parabolic trajectory.
Three-Dimensional Motion: In three-dimensional motion, an object or particle can move freely in three perpendicular directions. These directions are often labeled as the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. The object can move along each axis independently or have a combination of motion along multiple axes. Examples of three-dimensional motion include a flying bird moving in all directions, a car driving in a 3D space, or the motion of planets in the solar system.
The distinction between these types of motion is based on the number of independent directions an object can move within space. One-dimensional motion is confined to a straight line, two-dimensional motion occurs within a plane, and three-dimensional motion allows for movement in three-dimensional space.