Accelerated electrons radiate energy due to the process known as synchrotron radiation. When charged particles, such as electrons, are accelerated or change direction, they emit electromagnetic radiation. This radiation carries away energy from the particles, causing them to lose energy and, consequently, slow down.
In particle accelerators, electrons are accelerated to high speeds and then forced to change direction rapidly by magnetic fields. This acceleration and change in direction result in the emission of synchrotron radiation. The emitted radiation can be in the form of photons (particles of light) or other electromagnetic waves.
The energy loss through synchrotron radiation affects the motion of the electrons in the accelerator. As they emit radiation, their energy decreases, and they may lose velocity or be deflected from their intended path. To maintain the desired energy and trajectory, additional energy must be continually supplied to the particles in the accelerator.
Regarding the effective mass of accelerated electrons, their mass does not change due to the emission of synchrotron radiation. The loss of energy through radiation does not directly affect the rest mass of the electrons. However, it does influence their total energy, which includes both rest mass and kinetic energy. As the electrons lose energy, their total energy decreases, but their rest mass remains constant.
In summary, accelerated electrons radiate energy through synchrotron radiation, causing them to lose energy and potentially deviate from their intended path. However, their rest mass does not change as a result of this energy loss.