According to our current scientific understanding, time is a fundamental aspect of the universe and is not dependent on the presence or absence of particles or energy. Time is a dimension that is interconnected with space, forming the fabric of spacetime.
In physics, time is often described as a parameter that measures the progression of events, and it is part of the framework in which physical phenomena occur. It is not something that can be frozen or stopped in the absence of particles or energy.
However, it's worth noting that the concept of time can be affected by extreme conditions, such as in the vicinity of a black hole or during the early moments of the universe (e.g., the Big Bang). In these situations, the effects of gravity or quantum processes can alter the perception of time or its behavior, but time itself continues to progress.
It's important to remember that our understanding of the universe is constantly evolving as new discoveries are made and theories are refined. So, while our current knowledge suggests that time is not dependent on particles or energy, future scientific breakthroughs may lead to a deeper understanding of this fundamental concept.