According to the laws of thermodynamics, information within a closed thermodynamic system cannot be extracted in a reversible manner. The second law of thermodynamics, specifically the concept of entropy, governs the behavior of closed systems. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness within a system.
The second law of thermodynamics states that in a closed system, the entropy of the system tends to increase or remain constant over time. This means that the amount of useful or extractable energy in a closed system tends to decrease or stay the same. Since information is a form of energy, the second law implies that the extraction of information from a closed system would require a decrease in entropy, which is not permitted.
However, it's important to note that the concept of information can be subtle in the context of thermodynamics. In certain cases, information can be indirectly extracted from a closed system by observing its macroscopic properties, such as temperature or pressure. For example, by measuring the temperature of a system, you can gather information about its internal energy state.
Moreover, if the closed system is eventually opened or interacts with its surroundings, information can be exchanged between the system and the external environment. This allows for information to be transferred, but it is no longer solely contained within the closed system.
In summary, while direct extraction of information from a closed thermodynamic system is not possible due to the second law of thermodynamics, there are ways to indirectly gather information or exchange it with the external environment.