In a central air conditioning (AC) system, temperature control for each room is typically achieved through a combination of thermostat settings, dampers, and airflow regulation. Here's a general overview of how temperature control is managed:
Thermostat Settings: Each room or zone typically has its own thermostat. The occupants can set the desired temperature on the thermostat, which serves as a reference point for the AC system.
Central Control System: The thermostats in each room are connected to a central control system that coordinates the overall operation of the AC system.
Zone Dampers: The central control system uses motorized zone dampers to regulate the airflow to different rooms or zones. These dampers can be opened or closed to control the amount of conditioned air directed to each area.
Air Handling Unit (AHU): The AC system includes an air handling unit, which consists of a blower fan, cooling coils, and heating elements (in some systems). The AHU is responsible for conditioning the air before it is distributed to different zones.
Temperature Sensors: Temperature sensors may be placed in different rooms or zones to provide feedback to the central control system. These sensors help monitor the actual temperature in each area and allow for adjustments to maintain the desired set temperature.
Variable Air Volume (VAV) Control: In some advanced systems, variable air volume control is employed. This technology adjusts the airflow and temperature of conditioned air based on the specific requirements of each zone. It allows for precise temperature control and energy efficiency by modulating the airflow or cooling capacity to match the demand of each room.
The central control system continuously monitors the temperature in each room and compares it to the desired set temperature. Based on the feedback from the temperature sensors and the thermostat settings, it adjusts the operation of the dampers, blower fan, and cooling coils to achieve the desired temperature in each zone.
By regulating the airflow and temperature distribution to different rooms or zones, central AC systems can provide individualized temperature control and maintain comfort levels throughout a building.