The rate at which a substance heats up depends on its specific heat capacity and its thermal conductivity. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass of the substance by a certain amount. Thermal conductivity is a measure of how quickly heat can be conducted through a material.
Comparing gases, liquids, and solids, their specific heat capacities and thermal conductivities can vary significantly. Generally, gases have lower specific heat capacities and thermal conductivities compared to liquids and solids.
When it comes to heating, gases tend to heat up faster than solids and liquids with the same input of energy. This is because gases have lower heat capacities, meaning they require less energy to raise their temperature. Additionally, gases generally have lower thermal conductivities, which means they do not distribute heat as efficiently as solids and liquids.
For example, if you apply the same amount of heat energy to equal masses of a gas, a liquid, and a solid, the gas will heat up the fastest, followed by the liquid, and then the solid. This is because gases have lower heat capacities and lower thermal conductivities, resulting in faster temperature changes.
Therefore, heating a gas will generally result in a faster temperature increase compared to a liquid.