Yes, a planet absorbs heat from the Sun. When sunlight reaches a planet, a portion of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the planet's atmosphere, surface, and any other materials present. This absorption of solar energy leads to an increase in the planet's temperature.
The absorption of sunlight by a planet depends on various factors, such as the planet's atmospheric composition, surface properties (such as color and reflectivity), and the presence of greenhouse gases. Different substances and gases have different abilities to absorb or reflect incoming solar radiation.
After absorbing sunlight, the planet re-emits some of the absorbed energy as thermal radiation, also known as heat. This process is known as radiative heating. The absorbed solar energy warms the planet's atmosphere and surface, contributing to its overall temperature.
It's important to note that the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing thermal radiation, known as the planet's energy balance, determines the long-term temperature of the planet. If a planet absorbs more energy than it radiates, its temperature will increase over time, resulting in a warmer climate. Conversely, if a planet radiates more energy than it absorbs, its temperature will decrease, leading to a cooler climate.