The process that releases the greatest amount of heat among the given options is the condensation of 10 grams of liquid water.
When water condenses, it changes from its gaseous state (water vapor) to its liquid state, releasing heat in the process. This heat release occurs because the water molecules are transitioning from a higher energy state (gaseous phase) to a lower energy state (liquid phase), and the excess energy is released as heat.
The heat released during condensation is known as the latent heat of vaporization, which is relatively large for water compared to other substances. For water, the latent heat of vaporization is approximately 40.7 kilojoules per gram. Therefore, when 10 grams of water condenses, it releases a significant amount of heat.
In contrast, freezing, boiling, and melting are processes that involve a change in state but do not release as much heat as condensation. Freezing is the process of liquid water changing into solid ice, while boiling is the conversion of liquid water into vapor (water vapor). Melting is the transition of solid ice into liquid water. While these processes do involve heat transfer, the amount of heat released or absorbed is relatively lower compared to the condensation process.