Predicting the exact change in global temperature and its effects by 2100 is a complex task and subject to various uncertainties. The future climate projections depend on several factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, socio-economic development, and the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation measures. However, scientific research and climate modeling provide some insights into potential scenarios.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a leading international body for assessing climate change, has produced a series of reports summarizing the latest scientific understanding. Their most recent report, the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report (AR6), is expected to be released in 2021-2022, after my understanding. The AR6 will provide updated projections for global temperature changes and their impacts.
However, based on previous reports and studies, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise at current rates without significant mitigation efforts, it is projected that by 2100, global temperatures could increase by several degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. The exact magnitude of warming depends on different scenarios and assumptions.
The impacts of such temperature changes could be significant and wide-ranging. They may include:
Increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves: Higher temperatures can lead to more frequent and severe heatwaves, posing risks to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems.
Rising sea levels: As global temperatures rise, glaciers and ice caps melt, contributing to sea-level rise. This can result in coastal flooding, increased erosion, and salinization of freshwater resources.
Changes in precipitation patterns: Climate change can affect rainfall patterns, leading to altered water availability, droughts, and changes in ecosystems and agriculture.
Loss of biodiversity: Rising temperatures and changing climates can disrupt ecosystems, potentially leading to species extinctions and loss of biodiversity.
Increased frequency of extreme weather events: Climate change can influence the occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires.
It's important to note that efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change can help mitigate some of these impacts. Additionally, the exact magnitude of temperature change and its effects by 2100 will depend on the actions taken to address climate change in the coming decades.