Conduction is the transfer of heat or electricity through a material by direct contact or collision between particles. In the case of thermal conduction, heat is transferred through the vibration and collision of atoms or molecules. In the case of electrical conduction, it is the movement of charged particles, such as electrons, that carries the electric current.
Conduction requires the presence of particles that can transfer energy or charge through collisions or interactions. In a vacuum, however, there is an absence of matter or particles. Vacuum refers to a space devoid of any material, including air or other substances. Since there are no particles present in a vacuum, there are no atoms, molecules, or charged particles to facilitate the transfer of heat or electricity through conduction.
However, it's important to note that heat and energy can still be transferred through other mechanisms in a vacuum. Radiative heat transfer, for example, occurs through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation. This is how heat from the Sun reaches the Earth through the vacuum of space. Additionally, in the context of electricity, it's possible for charged particles to move through a vacuum via a process called vacuum or electron tube conduction, which relies on the emission and movement of electrons in a vacuum-sealed tube.