The temperature displayed on an oven refers to the temperature of the internal air within the oven cavity. It represents the target temperature that the oven is trying to reach and maintain for cooking or baking.
The heating element(s) inside the oven are responsible for raising the temperature of the air. They generate heat through electrical resistance or, in the case of gas ovens, through combustion. The heating element's purpose is to transfer heat to the surrounding air inside the oven.
The oven's internal temperature is influenced by both conduction and convection. Conduction refers to the transfer of heat between the heating element and the surrounding air and surfaces, while convection refers to the circulation of heated air within the oven cavity.
To maintain the desired temperature, ovens use a thermostat that senses the air temperature and signals the heating element to turn on or off accordingly. The oven's temperature control system regulates the heating element to achieve and sustain the specified temperature.
It's important to note that the actual temperature inside the oven may not always be precisely equal to the displayed temperature due to variations in calibration or localized temperature differences. It's recommended to use an oven thermometer to verify and adjust the oven's temperature accuracy if necessary.