The effect of temperature on magnetism depends on the specific material and its magnetic properties. In general, temperature can influence the strength and behavior of magnetic materials in the following ways:
Paramagnetism: Some materials become more magnetic as the temperature increases. This effect is known as paramagnetism. As the temperature rises, the thermal energy disrupts the alignment of atomic or molecular magnetic dipoles, reducing the overall magnetic field strength.
Ferromagnetism: Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, can be affected by temperature. When heated above a certain temperature called the Curie temperature, ferromagnetic materials may lose their permanent magnetism and become paramagnetic. The Curie temperature varies depending on the specific material.
Superconductivity: At extremely low temperatures near absolute zero, some materials can exhibit superconductivity, which is the complete absence of electrical resistance. In superconductors, magnetic fields are expelled from the material, a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect. As a result, superconductors expel magnetic fields and display perfect diamagnetism.
Magnetic phase transitions: Temperature changes can induce phase transitions in certain magnetic materials. These transitions involve changes in the arrangement of magnetic spins or the orientation of magnetic domains. As a result, the magnetic properties of the material can be altered.
It's important to note that the specific effects of temperature on magnetism can vary depending on the material and the magnitude of the temperature change. Different materials have different temperature-dependent magnetic behaviors, and precise understanding often requires detailed knowledge of the specific material's magnetic properties and behavior.