To determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed to freeze a container of water at 0°C, we need to calculate the heat energy required for the phase change from liquid to solid, known as the latent heat of fusion.
The specific latent heat of fusion for water is 334,000 J/kg. Therefore, we can calculate the heat energy required using the formula:
Heat energy = mass × specific latent heat of fusion
Given: Mass of water = 1.50 × 10^2 g = 150 g
Converting the mass to kilograms: Mass = 150 g ÷ 1000 = 0.150 kg
Heat energy = 0.150 kg × 334,000 J/kg
Calculating the heat energy: Heat energy = 50,100 J
To convert joules (J) to kilojoules (kJ), divide the result by 1000:
Heat energy = 50,100 J ÷ 1000 = 50.1 kJ
Therefore, approximately 50.1 kilojoules of heat must be removed to freeze the container of water at 0°C.