To calculate the amount of energy required to cool a substance, you can use the specific heat capacity equation:
Q = mcΔT
Where: Q is the amount of energy absorbed or released (in joules), m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity of the substance (in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius), ΔT is the change in temperature (in degrees Celsius).
For water, the specific heat capacity is approximately 4,186 joules per kilogram per degree Celsius.
Let's calculate the energy required to cool 0.1 kg of water from 23°C to 0°C:
m = 0.1 kg c = 4,186 J/(kg°C) ΔT = 23°C - 0°C = 23°C
Q = (0.1 kg) × (4,186 J/(kg°C)) × (23°C) Q = 9657.8 J
Therefore, approximately 9657.8 joules of energy must be absorbed by the freezer to cool 0.1 kg of water from 23°C to 0°C.