Yes, if two people were to experience time dilation at different rates, they would indeed age differently as a result. This is one of the fascinating implications of the theory of relativity.
Let's consider an example: Suppose there are two individuals, Person A and Person B. Person A remains at rest in a stationary frame of reference, while Person B travels at a high velocity relative to Person A or is situated in a region with a stronger gravitational field.
From Person A's perspective, time appears to pass at its usual rate. However, from Person B's perspective, due to their relative motion or the presence of a stronger gravitational field, time would appear to pass more slowly.
As a result, when Person B returns to the reference frame of Person A after a period of time, they would have experienced less time compared to Person A. In other words, Person B would have aged less than Person A.
This phenomenon has been experimentally verified in various ways. For instance, experiments with high-speed particles or atomic clocks have confirmed the effects of time dilation due to relative motion. Additionally, the time dilation caused by gravitational fields has been observed through experiments involving extremely precise atomic clocks placed at different altitudes.
So, time dilation can indeed lead to a measurable difference in the aging process between individuals who have experienced different rates of time dilation.