Yes, theoretically, time dilation can make a person's life span shorter from the perspective of an observer in a different frame of reference. This concept is often depicted in science fiction scenarios, where a person traveling at high speeds or in the proximity of a strong gravitational field experiences time passing more slowly compared to an observer in a different reference frame.
If an individual were to travel at speeds close to the speed of light or venture into a region with intense gravity, such as near a black hole, time dilation effects would occur. From the perspective of an observer outside those conditions, the person's biological processes, including aging, would appear to slow down. Therefore, while the person's subjective experience of time may be unchanged, when they return to the reference frame of the observer, they would find that less time has passed for them compared to the observer's reference frame.
In this sense, it is possible for a person's life span to be shorter compared to someone who remains in a reference frame with less time dilation. However, it's important to note that time dilation effects due to relative velocity or gravity encountered in everyday situations are incredibly small and not perceptible to us. They become more significant only at extremely high speeds or in the presence of extremely strong gravitational fields.