Yes, one way to understand why light cannot escape from within a black hole's event horizon is through the concept of time dilation. When an object, including light, approaches the event horizon of a black hole, it experiences an increasingly strong gravitational field. This gravitational field causes a significant time dilation effect, where time appears to slow down from the perspective of an observer far away from the black hole.
As an object gets closer to the event horizon, the gravitational time dilation becomes more extreme. At the event horizon itself, the time dilation becomes infinite. This means that time effectively stops for an object at the event horizon, as observed from outside the black hole. As a result, any signals or information, including light, emitted from within the event horizon cannot reach an external observer because time appears to stand still for them.
From the perspective of an object falling into a black hole, however, time continues to progress normally. It's worth noting that this description is based on the classical understanding of black holes and time dilation. In reality, the situation becomes more complex when considering quantum mechanical effects near the event horizon, which are not yet fully understood.
Overall, the combination of strong gravitational forces and the resulting time dilation near a black hole's event horizon prevents light or any other information from escaping and is a key factor in why black holes are dark and appear to trap everything within their grasp.