To determine the number of atoms in 1 kilogram of matter, you would need to consider the molar mass of the substance and Avogadro's constant. Avogadro's constant, denoted as "Nₐ," is approximately 6.022 × 10²³ atoms per mole.
The steps to calculate the number of atoms are as follows:
Identify the molar mass of the substance in kilograms per mole. This value represents the mass of one mole of atoms of that substance.
Convert the given mass of 1 kilogram to kilograms per mole by dividing it by the molar mass determined in step 1. This conversion will give you the number of moles of the substance.
Multiply the number of moles obtained in step 2 by Avogadro's constant (Nₐ) to determine the number of atoms.
Let's take an example using carbon, which has a molar mass of approximately 12 grams per mole:
Molar mass of carbon = 12 grams/mole = 0.012 kilograms/mole
Mass of 1 kilogram of carbon = 1 kilogram ÷ 0.012 kilograms/mole = 83.33 moles
Number of atoms in 1 kilogram of carbon = 83.33 moles × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mole = 5.02 × 10²⁵ atoms
Therefore, there are approximately 5.02 × 10²⁵ atoms in 1 kilogram of carbon or any other substance with a similar molar mass.